Tossup

A woman of this nationality promoted female education in The Learned Maid and joined a reform movement led by the Frenchman Jean de Labadie (“la-ba-DEE”). A thinker of this nationality claimed that there would be natural laws “even if God did not exist” and escaped from a castle in a chest of books. Jonathan (-5[1])Israel traced the (10[1])“radical Enlightenment” to a thinker of this nationality who wrote a “book forged in Hell” (10[1])that claims that the Bible (-5[1])should be viewed as a fallible historical text. A jurist of this nationality who wrote Mare Liberum (10[1])is often called the father of international law. (10[1])An excommunicated thinker of this nationality wrote a book “in Geometrical Order” (10[1])that equates God and nature. For 10 points, (10[1])thinkers of what nationality include Hugo Grotius (10[2])and the author of Ethics, Baruch Spinoza? ■END■ (10[1]0[1])

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