Tossup

A woman of this nationality promoted female education in The Learned Maid and joined a reform movement led by the Frenchman Jean de Labadie (“la-ba-DEE”). A thinker of this nationality claimed that there would be natural laws “even if God did not exist” and escaped from a castle in a chest of books. Jonathan Israel traced the “radical Enlightenment” to a thinker of this nationality who wrote a “book forged in Hell” that claims that the Bible should be viewed as a fallible historical text. A jurist of this (10[1])nationality who wrote Mare Liberum is often called the father of international (10[1])law. (10[2])An excommunicated thinker of this nationality wrote a book “in Geometrical Order” that equates God and nature. For 10 points, (-5[1])thinkers of what nationality include Hugo Grotius and the author of Ethics, Baruch Spinoza? (10[1])■END■

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