Bonus
In one technique, the pIII (“P-three”) protein of one of these organisms allows it to attach to the F pilus of a pathogen. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these organisms used in a namesake “assisted continuous evolution” technique. Libraries from these organisms undergo multiple rounds of affinity selection followed by amplification in a namesake “display.”
ANSWER: bacteriophages [accept phage display or phage-assisted continuous evolution; accept lambda phage or M13 phage; prompt on viruses]
[10e] The M13 phage used in phage-assisted continuous evolution replicates by infecting this pathogen. Hershey and Chase used a T2 phage to infect this rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
ANSWER: E. coli [or Escherichia coli]
[10h] The M13 phage is also used in Kunkel’s method of performing this technique using mutated E. coli strains. Either this technique or error-prone PCR is used to generate libraries in alanine scanning.
ANSWER: site-directed mutagenesis [or site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis; prompt on SDM or mutagenesis or point mutation or mutation scanning or deep mutation scanning]
<Waterloo B, Biology>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 54 | 16.11 | 94% | 54% | 13% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 13.33 | 67% | 50% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 20.00 | 100% | 60% | 40% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 50% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 10 | 15.00 | 100% | 40% | 10% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 7 | 22.86 | 100% | 100% | 29% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |