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Mutations in BLM proteins involved in fixing the start of this process can lead to Bloom’s syndrome. (10[1])During this process, one type of structure is produced in either “short” or “long” pathways depending on FEN1 (“fen-one”) activity. CDC7 and Dbf4 begin this process by phosphorylating the MCM complex. John Cairns experimented (10[1])on theta structures that form during this process, which uses an enzyme that can be cleaved to form the Klenow (10[1])fragment. (10[1])The trimeric PCNA sliding clamp increases the processivity of an enzyme involved in this process. (10[1])In this semiconservative process, (10[1])Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are fixed by ligase. This process occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. For 10 points, name this first process of the central dogma, in which the genetic material of a cell is copied. ■END■

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