Bonus
After performing this type of study, the Sum of Single Effects model, or SuSie, is used to generate probabilistic “credible sets” in a process called fine-mapping. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this type of study often performed using the PLINK package. Data from these studies are used to calculate polygenic risk scores.
ANSWER: GWAS (“G-woss”) [or genome-wide-association studies or GWA studies]
[10m] Fine-mapping can be used to determine causal variants from microarrays containing many of these things. Each dot on a Manhattan plot corresponds to one of these things, which are point mutations that occur in at least 1 percent of the population.
ANSWER: SNPs (“snips”) [or single nucleotide polymorphisms]
[10e] Tools like PLINK contain methods for pruning this phenomenon’s namesake “disequilibrium” to eliminate non-unique SNPs. In this phenomenon, two genes that are close together on a chromosome are inherited together.
ANSWER: genetic linkage
<Chicago A, Biology>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 41 | 14.39 | 61% | 54% | 29% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claremont A | Claremont B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | HME |
| UC Berkeley A | UC Berkeley B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| UCLA | UCSD | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | E |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 20.00 | 100% | 67% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 8.33 | 50% | 33% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 13.33 | 83% | 50% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 26.67 | 83% | 100% | 83% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 18.00 | 60% | 60% | 60% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 10.00 | 50% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 10.00 | 33% | 33% | 33% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 10 | 10.00 | 40% | 40% | 20% |