Bonus
This law can be derived by using the equipartition theorem to determine the number of half-wave cycles that can fit within an arbitrary volume. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this law that predicts a radio spectral index of 2 in the long-wavelength regime. This law can be used to approximate the brightness temperature as inversely proportional to the square of frequency.
ANSWER: Rayleigh–Jeans law
[10e] The “ultraviolet catastrophe” predicted by the Rayleigh–Jeans law was fixed by this law of blackbody radiation that also demonstrated that the energy emitted by a blackbody is quantized.
ANSWER: Planck’s law
[10m] The Rayleigh–Jeans law holds when the energy quantum is smaller than this expression. The equipartition theorem states that each degree of freedom contributes one-half of this expression.
ANSWER: kT [or k-sub-B T; or k times T; or k-sub-B times T; or the product of Boltzmann’s constant and temperature; accept one over thermodynamic beta; accept inverse of thermodynamic beta; reject “thermodynamic beta”]
<Maryland A, Physics>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52 | 10.19 | 54% | 31% | 17% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 33% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 4.00 | 40% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 5.00 | 33% | 17% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 15.00 | 50% | 50% | 50% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 16.00 | 80% | 60% | 20% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 10.00 | 50% | 0% | 50% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 10.00 | 50% | 25% | 25% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 10.00 | 60% | 20% | 20% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 8 | 10.00 | 50% | 38% | 13% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 3.33 | 33% | 0% | 0% |