Bonus
In one process, the time between these phenomena is bounded by an expression whose numerator contains the time–bandwidth product of a distribution, which for Gaussian profiles is 0.441. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these phenomena that were generated in a Kerr cell by Hellwarth and McClung in 1961 through a process that periodically adjusts the Q-factor of a resonator.
ANSWER: laser pulses [accept pulsed lasers; prompt on lasers; prompt on laser peaks or laser intensity peaks by asking “what causes those?”]
[10m] Pulse generation can occur through a process that is said to “lock” either these patterns or phase. Coupled systems produce the “normal” form of these patterns at resonant frequencies.
ANSWER: modes [accept normal modes or mode-locking]
[10e] Another method for pulse generation is gain-switching, where the gain of a laser is the change in this quantity. In electronic amplifiers, gain is usually quantified as a ratio of this quantity measured in watts.
ANSWER: power [accept optical power]
<Cambridge B, Physics>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 58 | 14.66 | 97% | 47% | 3% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 11.67 | 100% | 17% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 21.67 | 100% | 100% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 16.00 | 80% | 60% | 20% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 9 | 13.33 | 89% | 44% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |