Bonus
Paul Lorenzen introduced an approach to formal semantics named for these events that assesses the truth of a sentence in first-order logic via a tuple and two people typically named Eloise and Abelard. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these events that another philosopher cited as sharing “family resemblances.” That philosopher coined a type of these events exemplified by one involving a builder, an assistant, and words like “slab.”
ANSWER: games [accept language-games or Sprachspiel] (The latter philosopher is Ludwig Wittgenstein.)
[10h] A logician from this country pioneered game-theoretic semantics and developed epistemic logic in the book Knowledge and Belief. The inventor of deontic logic, G. H. von Wright, was from this country.
ANSWER: Finland [or Suomi; or Republic of Finland; or Suomen tasavalta; or Republiken Finland] (The first logician is Jaakko Hintikka.)
[10e] In a semantic game, the roles of the Verifier and Falsifier essentially swap if a formula has this operation, which for a proposition P is often written “tilde P” or “exclamation point P.” This operation flips truth values.
ANSWER: negation [or word forms like negating; or “not P”; or complementation; or inverse or inversion]
<TM, Philosophy>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52 | 13.65 | 92% | 39% | 6% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 20.00 | 100% | 83% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 5.00 | 50% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 7.50 | 75% | 0% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 10 | 15.00 | 100% | 30% | 20% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 8 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |