Bonus
Michael Devitt introduced the idea that these events are affected by subsequent interactions, which he called “multiple groundings.” For 10 points each:
[10h] Give this term for the moment of “dubbing” that sets off a “causal chain.” Saul Kripke used this term in Naming and Necessity for the event when a name is first assigned to something and becomes a rigid designator.
ANSWER: baptism [or initial baptism; accept baptismal ceremony; accept word forms like baptizing]
[10m] Kripke’s account opposed a prior theory that treats the meaning of a name as equivalent to the set of these phrases. The essay “On Denoting” distinguishes between “definite” and “indefinite” examples of these phrases.
ANSWER: descriptions [accept descriptivism or word forms like describing]
[10e] This Cambridge philosopher laid the groundwork for his descriptivist theory of names in “On Denoting.” He also co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.
ANSWER: Bertrand Russell
<Sheffield A, Philosophy>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52 | 13.27 | 87% | 29% | 17% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 33% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 8.33 | 67% | 0% | 17% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | 6 | 18.33 | 100% | 50% | 33% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 33% | 33% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | 2 | 25.00 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | 4 | 7.50 | 75% | 0% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | 5 | 16.00 | 100% | 40% | 20% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | 8 | 15.00 | 75% | 50% | 25% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |